Short answer: daily brushing with a pet-safe toothpaste is the most effective home prevention; if daily isn't possible, aim for at least every other day. Gels, water additives and dental chews complement it but don't replace it. Tartar that has already formed can only be removed by a vet.
Why it matters
Plaque is a soft layer of bacteria that forms on the teeth every day. Within the first 24 hours, minerals from saliva start hardening it, and over time it turns into tartar, which a toothbrush can no longer remove. Left untreated, this leads to periodontal disease – inflamed gums, pain and tooth loss.
Small breeds and short-muzzled dogs, whose teeth sit more closely together, are more prone to this – for example the Chihuahua, Yorkshire Terrier and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Dental care is especially important for them.
What works
1. Brushing
The most effective method. Use a toothpaste made for dogs or cats – it's designed to be swallowed. Human toothpaste isn't meant to be swallowed: it contains foaming agents and fluoride, and some also contain xylitol, which is highly toxic to dogs.
Start gradually: first just touching the muzzle, then the taste of the paste, and only at the end the brush itself.
2. Gels and sprays
Useful for animals that won't accept a brush, and for fresher breath.
3. Water additives
The easiest way to get daily prevention. A good supplement, but not a standalone solution.
4. Dental chews
The mechanical chewing action helps against plaque. Factor the calories into the daily ration.
When choosing dental products, look for the VOHC (Veterinary Oral Health Council) seal – it's awarded to products whose effect against plaque or tartar has been proven in studies.
Signs it's time to see a vet
- Persistent bad breath
- Red or bleeding gums
- Brown deposits at the base of the teeth
- The animal chews only on one side or refuses hard food
Suitable products
Browse our dental care products – pastes and brushes, gels, water additives and dental chews – and the rest of the range in Pharmacy.
Frequently asked questions
How often should I brush my pet's teeth?
Ideally, every day. A study in dogs shows that brushing every day or every other day significantly reduces plaque, tartar and gum inflammation, while brushing once a week has a much weaker effect.
Can I remove tartar at home?
No. Tartar that has already formed is removed by a vet during a professional cleaning, usually under general anaesthesia, so the area below the gumline can be cleaned too. Home care limits new build-up.
At what age should I start?
The earlier, the better. Puppies and kittens adapt much more easily.